Person Centred Mental Health Care for Schizophrenia

Person Centred Mental Health Care for Schizophrenia Person Centred Mental Health Care Disha Gupta References Essay: Ben is a 22 year old male who has been admitted to the acute in patient unit as a compulsory client under the Victorian Mental health Act (2014) who has a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Question When using recent research evidence please addresses the following; Identify the rationale and discuss strategies the mental health nurse will use to actively involve Ben and his carers when using the shared decision making process. (While in the acute mental health setting) AND Discuss strategies the mental health nurse, Ben and his carers can utilise to reduce his incidence of relapse in schizophrenia. Ben is a young adult suffering from schizophrenia that has been brought into an acute as an in-patient unit due to his psychotic behaviour. According to recent change in Victorian Mental Health Act a shared decision making process model which is being utilized within the practice in order for better outcomes. Shared decision making process is where two experts or a team of experts come together in making complex decisions for a patient (Chong WW, 2013). A set of health care providers come together and expand their knowledge and bring expertise in understanding the medical problem in order to provide a diagnosis. As well as the possible interventions and the possible risks of alternatives and potential benefits those are involved with the presented client. (REF). In this case we have Ben who has been â€Å"compulsory† admitted into an acute setting, which means this client is in need of serious treatment, which is why the shared decision making process has been put in place in order to achieve the right and hopefully an accurate treatment that works as it engages experts to be involved throughout the process. Not only a team of experts are involved in this process but, the individual is given the chance to put their values, understandings and preferences forward as well along with the support of family and other support network members (REF). This allows them to feel less inclined to thinking towards that they are being forced into something without their consent. As this gives them an opportunity to explore their wants and needs and together the individual and health care providers can come sometimes to a mutually agreed plan that is right for client. In order to plan and look after twenty two year Ben who is currently suffering from mental disorder we must first understand the problem followed by the treatment or action plan. Schizophrenia is an extremely complex disorder, it is occurred due to the imbalances of biochemical present in the brain which causes a person to believe in extraordinary and distorted thoughts, perceptions, emotions, movements and behaviour (REF). The symptoms of schizophrenia are categorized into two major categories, the positive or hard symptoms which include delusion, hallucinations, and grossly disorganized thinking, speech, and behaviour, and negative or soft symptoms as flat affect, lack of volition, and social withdrawal or discomfort (REF). This way it is easier for the health care providers to take further steps for a clients treatment as they have categories which clients fit into. In order for treatment or a plan to commence the nurse should start the process with a Two way exchange of information which allows the nurse (Clinician) to discuss the suitable treatment options and also any potential risks and benefits which may arise from these options and at the same time it will provide an opportunity to Ben to discuss his values and preferences regarding the treatment plan (REF). The two way communication will help to create a bond between the nurse and Ben which will help the nurse to know more about what Ben wants and this can help the nurse to reassure Ben in times of uncertainty, anxiety or vulnerability (REF). There is a strong need to develop an action plan for the treatment option to be executed and measured. An action plan is a document which is will be designed together by Ben and the mental health nurse and this plan should cover the issues being faced by Ben, the interventions which will be put in place and a review system to check the success of the action plan (REF).The plan should provide information about the Bens history, routines or symptoms that may assist in the treatment. Along documentations and communication there are other treatments also available such as medication. Antipsychotic medication treatment, Medication is one of the core foundations of treatment. Once the acute stage of a psychotic episode has passed, most people with schizophrenia will need to take medicine until further notice or until improved conditions where patients are not relied upon these mediations (REF). Antipsychotic medication is used to control the acute symptoms being experienced by the patient. These falls into two groups: typical and atypical antipsychotics (REF). Typical antipsychotics target the more obvious symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. They work by reducing the disturbing quality of the symptoms and accompanying disruptive behaviour occurred due to imbalances in the brain (REF). In this plan a nurse needs to understand which antipsychotic medications need to be given and what their actions and adverse side effects are. The nurse should never forget to follow the eight rights of drug administration (REF). This step is vital for a mental health nurse because the way each medication is administered will differ between patients. Antipsychotic drugs, like almost all medications, have unwanted effects along with their advantageous effects. During the early phases of drug treatment, patients may be troubled by side effects such as drowsiness, restlessness, not able to keep the body still, muscle spasms, tremor, shaking, dry mouth, or blurring of vision (REF). Most of these can be corrected by lowering the dosage or can be controlled by other medications. Different patients have different treatment responses and side effects to various antipsychotic drugs. As mentioned before a patient may do better with one drug than another. Since Ben is in an acute phase of a schizophrenic episode first and foremost role of a nurse is to perform a mental health assessment or examination. A mental health nurse needs to perform and present symptoms and the level of risk that may cause to the patient and other people around (REF). In order to understand a person’s mental health situation, there are guidelines an clinician or a mental health care provider needs to follow. One of many assessment tools includes â€Å"PAMSGOTJIMI†, abbreviation of: Perception, Affect, Mood, Speech, General Behaviour, Orientation, Thought, Judgment, Insight, Memory, and Intelligence. Or even â€Å"ABCT†, abbreviated for Appearance, Behaviour, Cognition and Thought process (REF). Are great for mental health assessment of a client which needs to undergo a treatment plan, by following these guidelines a nurse can understand and develop a better understanding of a client’s current situation in order to create the right p lan. A compliant cycle of antipsychotic medications plays an important part in the treatment of schizophrenia and at the same time non-compliance with the medications can result in relapse. This is why along side of Antipsychotic medications is the need for social interventions, including education and support for patients and carers, so that cares and individuals are on the same pages of understanding one another better. Social skills training and the care provided by day hospitals and centres such as community based voluntary and involuntary services etc (REF). Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) can help patients gain a degree of control over their symptoms as this helps them by understanding the links between their thought processes and subsequent behaviour. Which then helps them to move on and look at ways of changing and managing their thoughts and behaviours (REF). Family interventions largely help in reducing levels of stress and in the management of contributing factors to patient relapse (REF). As we know our families are the closest people we have got in our lives, which in return gives the individuals a sense of security and makes them feel secure by having family help them through tough time gives them the hope and strength to improve their wellbeing. Giving carers information about schizophrenia is helpful in its management. Support and information needs to be ongoing, both in everyday situations and also at times of crisis (REF). As mentioned before, carers and families have always played an important role in the management of people with very serious mental disorders. With the increasing focus on maintaining patients in the community as well as in acute settings, these roles are assuming to achieve high importance. This means that Ben’s carers’ needs and concerns require are most likely to be on a higher level of attention. In order to achieve and target the correct procedure, there are a few simple actions that can be taken for instance, a need for further and ongoing education on schizophrenia for Ben and its management and interventions as a carer or family needs to be informed about in order to look out for in various situations (REF). Regular contact with clinical teams that offers both support and advice about the patient and is responsive to carers concerns (REF). Also a faculty or services of support for carers, as they can possibly go through their own feelings such as emotional burden because they feel that its an extra responsibility to look after a mentally challenged person. Guilt and frustration is also another where the carer or family feels that nothing is working and may feel like giving up. Such services can be provided through support groups or individually. Also there is a need for a service that works in partnership with the carers and patients both, and through this way, it will be optimising the patients care and allowing patients to continue living in the community (REF). Anyone undergoing an illness is not one of the greatest feelings to be going through, which is why it is very important to understand the cause, and the reasoning behind the problem. Followed by an thorough assessment by the right health care providers. As well as having solid treatment plan with goals those need to be achieved by the end of it all. Ben is young and by having support around him, from family and friends and services provided by hospitals or community facilities is the right way to improve his mental wellbeing. With the right techniques and action plans clients like Ben can rapidly improve their mental and physical wellbeing, and as a nurse, it’s very important to understand the basic needs and requirements of each client and the correct form of assessment is highly necessary in order to keep a record of each patients history of improvements and development.

High Schools :: essays research papers

HIGH SCHOOLS SHOULD BE HI TECH The world is becoming more and more "hi tech" and high schools should keep up. High school should be taught on computers because it would save paper, it would save time, and school supplies would be lighter. The first reason high school should be taught on computers is because it would save paper. If textbooks were on computer disks then trees around the world would be saved. This would make our environment much greener and species that are endangered in the rainforest would be saved. If classes were taught on computers, notes on paper would not be needed. This would save more trees. To sum up, high school should be taught on computers because it would save paper. Another reason that high school should be taught on computers is that it would save class time. Students would not need to flip pages in their textbooks or notebooks to find something that they need. All they would have to do is simply click on a file. Because time is saved, the teacher will be able to fit more information into the lesson for the day. In other words, high school should be taught on computers because it would save class time and more information could be fit into the lesson. As well as saving paper and saving time, high school should be taught on computers because school supplies would be much lighter. A lightweight disk would be much easier to carry unlike having an enormous textbook to drag around all day. Students occasionally develop back problems as a result of the heavy backpacks they must carry.

The world is fast becoming a borderless place

I have come to a point in life that many people have not.   I have made a firm decision to recommit myself to pursuing my dreams.   While there are those who believe that with an ounce of luck and a ton of persistence anything can be accomplished, I believe that there is no reason to expend so much energy and rely on luck.I believe in taking hold of my destiny and carving out a future for myself based on the decisions that I make in life.   Life is simply too short and too precious to be left to luck alone.   This is why I have chosen to apply for this major in electrical engineering at the University of California Los Angeles.As the world continues to change and the workplace becomes more and more challenging and competitive, it becomes imperative for anyone looking for a successful career to not only have the drive to succeed but also the training and expertise to do so.I am not saying that I do not have the training and expertise at the moment but I do believe that there i s still room for more.   The rich and diverse academic community at the UCLA will definitely be the perfect place for me to learn and be prepared for the challenges that lie ahead.There have been so many opportunities in life that I have not been able to take advantage of because of the competitiveness of the working environment.   I believe that this experience and background of mine will help me pursue this dream.   Being a (insert career) is only the beginning of a long journey for me.I realize that it will not be easy and I look forward to that challenge.   In the short term, I see myself completing this degree and fulfilling the requirements for this course.   I believe that this experience will be sufficient to prepare me for the next step which is applying for a good internship position that will give me the training that I need.   I eventually plan to pursue larger goals such as taking a doctoral degree and perhaps starting my own business.The world is fast becom ing a borderless place.   Cultures, races, beliefs and ideologies are blend together and interact because of the growing advances in communications.   In order to succeed in this world, one needs to be able to adapt to the various cultural differences as well as be able to maintain a certain sense of individual identity.This is the advantage that I feel I can get at this fine academic institution; the training to be competitive in the global economy and at the same time the flexibility to be able to deal with the different cultures in the diverse business world.That is why I believe that this course is a crucial step for me.   My success and my accomplishments here will herald the beginning of the fulfillment of my personal and professional goals.   It is said that the one thing that nobody can ever take away from you is your education and that is the one thing that I plan to not only gain for myself but for others as well.I am currently a student at Pasadena City College in California taking up electrical engineering.   My interest in this field comes from my exposure during my childhood in Shanghai, China, which is one of the largest industrialized cities in the world.As a national of China and a resident of the United States of America, I strongly feel that technology holds the key to the future of not only the people of China but the entire world as well.   The evolutions and advances in technology have indeed expanded the frontiers of man.   Every facet of man’s life has been changed by the new technological innovations that have been introduced.   Life has become so much easier yet at the same time it seems however that life has also been turned into something more complicated; presenting new challenges and providing new frontiers to conquer.It is for this reason that I plan to be able to find gainful employment in one of the industries and do more research in this field.   I am confident that my studies in college have adequatel y prepared me for further study.I am now learning differential equations, general physics and programming. I have also been particularly interested in electrical power circuits’ generation, electrical inspection and codes.   In the near future, I intend to develop skills in physical science and engineering, skills in management science and skills in problem solving in engineering field as well as solving computer related problems.As an active participant in extra-curricular activities such as soccer, badminton, I have participated in charity and community service within the community and back at home. I usually visit senior center and volunteer donations such as foodstuffs and essential items to them. Also I am the member of AGS club and Math Club. Last spring semester I got dean’s award and William Miller Scholarship (This is a scholarship from Math Division).

What Was the main theme of max webers sociology Analysis...

Max Webers observations and conclusions regarding modernity and its causes have named him one of the most influential sociologists of our era. Weber believed that in the West rationality had come to become the predominant impetus for action. Weber said that Rationality was one of four motivations towards actions--the remaining three, Traditional, Affective, and Value-Oriented, had been based on more humanistic qualities and had all faded into almost insignificance in the modern age. He thought that this change in stimulus had led to men becoming dehumanised, trapped in the iron cage of production and bureaucracy. Webers writings sought to understand why Capitalism had come to predominate in the West, rather than other parts of the†¦show more content†¦In either case, Weber certainly qualifies his thesis that Protestantism had an effect, be it passive or aggressive, on the growth of Capitalism. The spread of Lutheranism in 1517 was a very important period in European history. The changes that Martin Luther made completely changed peoples outlook of religion. By making changes such as translating the bible into German so that all could read it and introducing hymn singing to the churches he made religion more accessible to the masses. People began to have a more personal relation to God and in many ways faith became much more ardent. The teachings of Luther were adopted and amended by John Calvin, who added one very significant modification, that of Predestination. Predestination said that God had decided each person fate before they were even born and that this decision was irreversible. According to Weber, this created a sense of anxiety in the people, which was countered or obscured by hard work. Furthermore Weber said that people believed success in work would prove they were of the select few chosen by God to go to heaven; this belief led people to work hard and accumulate wealth. Most importantly perhaps, Weber argues that Puritans were not interes ted in high risk ventures like previous merchants but wanted regular, methodical work and werent interested in spending but in saving and investing--these characteristics

Censorship in Public Schools Essay - 1625 Words

because he thinks they might contain quot;obscenities or offensive sexual referencesquot; (Berger 59). -A Vermont high school librarian is forced to resign because she fought the school boards decision to remove Richard Prices The Wanderers, and to quot;restrictquot; the use of Stephen Kings Carrie and Patrick Manns Dog Day Afternoon (Jones 33). -An Indiana school board takes action that leads to the burning of many copies of a textbook that deals with drugs and the sexual behavior of teenagers (Berger 61). These cases of censorship in public schools are not unusual and there is evidence that such challenges are increasing (Woods 2). These challenges are actually typical of the ones being leveled against school libraries today.†¦show more content†¦The courts have time and again ruled that the Constitution prohibits Congress from censorship of any form. These two opposing sides have butted heads again and again leaving behind landmark cases for future legal actions. One of the most famous of those cases was Pico vs. Board of Education, Island Trees Union Free School District No. 26, which was the first school library censorship case to reach the Supreme Court (Jones 35). In March 1976, the Island Trees School Board in New York removed eleven books that they deemed quot;anti-American, anti-Christian, anti-Semitic, and just plain filthyquot; (Berger 59) from the high school library shelves. Among these books were Slaughterhouse Five by Kurt Vonnegut, A Hero Aint Nothing but a Sandwich by Alice Childress, and Soul on Ice by Eldridge Cleaver (Jones 37). The board felt that it had quot;a moral obligation to protect the children in our schools from this moral dangerquot; (Berger 60). Five students then sued the school board on grounds that their decision violated their First Amendment rights. The suit was passed around the courts until June 1982 when the Supreme Court took up the cause and ruled that the school board would have to defend its removal of the books. The Supreme Court decided that since the library is used voluntarily, they can choose books there freely and that, as Justice Brennan stated, quot;the First Amendment rights of students may be directly and sharplyShow MoreRelatedWhat Is the Objective of Internet Censorship in Public Schools?1820 Words   |  8 PagesShawn Nephi Klaxx What is the objective of internet censorship in public schools? Is it effective and does it do more good than bad? When talking about internet censorship in schools, heated debates are always bound to arise on what they should block, how strict they should be, and if they should even be there. The topic of fettered or unfettered internet is a hot topic and can be both good and bad for education. When talking about something that sounds like such aRead MoreCensorship For Middle School Students Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesCensorship by definition is the suppression of speech or removal of communicative material which may be considered objectionable or repulsive. Censorship is nothing new and its effects are constantly felt throughout society. Many societies use censorship to protect the established moral and social order. Book censorship in western cultures can be traced to the earliest years of Christianity, when the church began to suppress opposing views as unorthodox. In ancient times, before the printing pressRead MoreCensorship and Material Selection Policies Essay863 Words   |  4 Pagesthat they are morally objectionable by the standards applied by a censor. It has been like this for ages. As long as someone has something to tell, another will be there to try and prevent them. Schools have been doing this for quite a while now and there is a need to stop it. 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The Perks Of Being A Wallflower By Stephen Chbosky

â€Å"I just need to know that someone out there listens and understands and doesn’t try to sleep with people even if they could have. I need to know that these people exist† (Chbosky 2). The Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky is a very moving coming to age story about a teenage boy named Charlie. The author, Stephen Chbosky noted, â€Å"The Charlie character is very personal to me. Not everything that he goes through is something I went through, and there are things that I went through that I did not include, but he’s very personal to me.† (Author information). This novel goes into many hard-hitting details about the struggles a young adolescent may face once they enter high school. The author uses certain experiences that Charlie has†¦show more content†¦They introduce him to partying, drinking, and drugs. In the novel, during the New Year’s Eve party he is introduced to LSD, he states â€Å"things were worse an hour ago, a nd I was looking at this tree but it was a dragon and then a tree, and I remembered that one nice pretty weather day when I was part of the air† (Chbosky 94-95). Charlie already struggles a lot with anxiety and depression and sees a psychiatrist regularly. The influence of drugs by his peers especially something as strong as LSD really can affect Charlie’s mental state in a negative way. Sam illustrates what Charlie goes through when he is on LSD by saying it is â€Å"what she called â€Å"the trance.† The trance happens when you don’t focus on anything, and the whole big picture swallows and moves around you† (Chbosky 102). This just shows that Charlie is willing to go to Sam for advice and hear what she has to say about his experience. Although this is not necessarily a good thing because he is allowing her to influence how he feels on the drug. Chbosky makes a strong social critique here by showing that the influences of peer’s actions can be harmful in some cases. When it comes to Charlie, he already has a hyperactive brain and being on drugs can be more destructive than good. He soon realizes this when he says, â€Å"I figured that it was about time to stop smoking so much pot† (Chbosky 154). This is when Charlie realizes and understands that the drugs he is doingShow MoreRelatedThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower By Stephen Chbosky Essay1317 Words   |  6 Pagesbanned book is a novel for young adults that was published in 1999, The Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky. The book is about a young teenage boy named Charlie who is a freshman in high school. Charlie goes through a lot in his first year in high school from drugs, love, to suicide. The reason being that the book was banned; because of sex, drug use, and other inappropriate situations. The Perks of Being a Wallflower is banned by the complaints of many parents in their schools (Hadley JuniorRead MoreThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower By Stephe n Chbosky1240 Words   |  5 PagesA modern book that holds a great deal of sentiment within it is Stephen Chbosky’s novel, The Perks of being a Wallflower. The novel is about a young boy, Charlie, who has some anxiety about beginning high school especially after recently losing his friend, Michael, and he beings to write letters to an anonymous person. Charlie eventually becomes best friends with Sam and Patrick and goes through a lot of challenging situations that year. He deals with bullies, relationship problems, secrets, partiesRead MoreThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower By Stephen Chbosky1641 Words   |  7 PagesA modern book that holds a great deal of sentiment within it is Stephen Chbosky’s novel, The Perks of being a Wallflower. The novel is about a young boy, Charlie, who has some anxiety about beginning high school, especially after recently losing his friend, Michael, and he beings to write letters to an anonymous person. Charlie eventually becomes best fri ends with Sam and Patrick and goes through a lot of challenging situations that year. He deals with bullies, relationship problems, secrets, partiesRead MorePerks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky Essay540 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"....And in that moment, I swear we were infinite.† (Chbosky) The thoughts of a teenager are odd things, and even more odd are the thoughts of fifteen year old Charlie, the best friend of a boy who committed suicide. Charlie has been through a lot in his life, and during the book he goes through even more. He has grown up relatively normally up until the day his Aunt Helen died, that is when his life changed. He distanced himself and constantly put himself in the hospital. 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Stoichiometry and Limiting Reagents free essay sample

The precipitate was filtered out of the remaining aqueous solution of stoichiometry. In our case, all four tests yielded more mass than should have occurred. Experimenters attribute this completely evaporated from the filtered precipitate, which would add excess mass. By dealing with such small quantities of reagents, any small inaccuracy in measurement creates a large difference in actual yield from theoretical yield. Through simple molar calculations, using the coefficients in the balanced chemical equation( CaCl2(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) Ca(OH)2 + CaCl2), the limiting reagent could be determined from the volumes of reactants used. The number two to four tests turned out as expected, NaOH and CaCl2 respectively being the limiting reagents. In the second test, according to our calculations, the products should have completely reacted, leaving pure water after filtration. In the test, the addition of NaOH to the filtered solution yielded more precipitate, which should not have occurred if the filtrate was pure water. We will write a custom essay sample on Stoichiometry and Limiting Reagents or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We hypothesize that either the products were not measured in exact quantities, or in the test the products did not completely react with one another, leaving some CaCl2 in solution. In conclusion, by measuring reactants accurately, the products of a chemical reaction can be created to precise standards.